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Dejong's The Neurologic Examination 7th Edition Pdf Free Download



The career span of the authors has witnessed the evolution from radioisotope brain scans, pneumoencephalography, and chromosomal analysis to 3T MRI, PET scans, and next-generation sequencing. But the neurologic examination has been an anchor during the evolution of this technology. The clinical encounter has provided the foundation on which all else is built. Without it, all this wondrous technology might never have escaped the lab.




dejong's the neurologic examination 7th edition pdf free download


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McKendree nicely outlined 24 abnormal associated movements in the text, which was a more thorough review than early editions of Monrad-Krohn's book. He also showed pictures of a myosthenometer (for muscle power), reflex liminometer (for strength of stimulus applied to the tendon, and reflex threshold), thermophore (for heat sensation), and kinetometer (for position sense), but did not recommend these exam tools for routine use. The book included an examination form from the Neurological Institute of New York (copyrighted 1925) for recording the history and exam in an organized fashion, with reflexes graded from 0 to 5. This form was adapted from a Vanderbilt Clinic (affiliated with Columbia University) neurological examination sheet copyrighted in 1919 (23).


The neurological examination as we know it today was conceived during the thirty years between 1870 and 1900 and elaborated into its present form by the clinical neurologists of the first half of this century, particularly Gordon Holmes (1946) (1).


The function of a non-protein-coding RNA is often determined by its structure. Since experimental determination of RNA structure is time-consuming and expensive, its computational prediction is of great interest, and efficient solutions based on thermodynamic parameters are known. Frequently, however, the predicted minimum free energy structures are not the native ones, leading to the necessity of generating suboptimal solutions. While this can be accomplished by a number of programs, the user is often confronted with large outputs of similar structures, although he or she is interested in structures with more fundamental differences, or, in other words, with different abstract shapes. Here, we formalize the concept of abstract shapes and introduce their efficient computation. Each shape of an RNA molecule comprises a class of similar structures and has a representative structure of minimal free energy within the class. Shape analysis is implemented in the program RNAshapes. We applied RNAshapes to the prediction of optimal and suboptimal abstract shapes of several RNAs. For a given energy range, the number of shapes is considerably smaller than the number of structures, and in all cases, the native structures were among the top shape representatives. This demonstrates that the researcher can quickly focus on the structures of interest, without processing up to thousands of near-optimal solutions. We complement this study with a large-scale analysis of the growth behaviour of structure and shape spaces. RNAshapes is available for download and as an online version on the Bielefeld Bioinformatics Server.


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